WIRE STITCHING (SIDE STITCHING)   Side wire stitching is generally for booklets or books that contain too many pages to be effectively saddle stitched. The sheets are bound on the side of the book. The staples are inserted from the front side of the book, through the pages, and are pinched closed on the back side of the book. Side wire binding does not allow the book to be opened as flat as a saddle stitched book and an extra allowance for the inner margin must be made for the stapled stub.

PERFECT BINDING (SOFT COVERING)   Perfect binding is an easy and inexpensive method of binding. The single sheets are gathered, stacked, and binding edge is covered with glue. A cover is attached to the book and is held in place by the glued spine.

THREAD SEWING + PERFECT BINDING (SOFT COVERING)    This method is most durable. The printed sheet containing individual book pages, called a signature, is folded, and assembled in the correct page order. After this, the signature is sewn together with other signatures. The sewn edge (spine) of the book is coated with glue. A cover is attached to the book and is held in place by the glued spine.

HARD COVERING   A number of steps are required to complete a bound book. First, a large printed sheet containing individual book pages, called a signature, is folded and assembled in the correct page order. The signature is sewn together with other signatures. End-leaf papers are glued to the outside of the first and last signatures. The sewn edge (spine) of the book is coated with glue and a strip of gauze is wrapped around it. The heavy board covers are wrapped with paper, cloth, or other materials to form the final book covering. The book is attached to its hard cover by sticking end-leaf papers to the case. Final step is to insert the book into a hydraulic press to ensure that it dries properly and does not warp.

SPIRAL WIROBINDING     A spiral binding consists of a continuous wire, which is coiled through evenly spaced holes that have been punched into the pages of a book. The spiral wire can be made of metal, plastic, or plastic coated metal. Plastic is available in a variety of colours, but the metal spiral has a limited colour selection. When the books are open, the pages lie flat, which makes spiral binding a good choice for training manuals, cookbooks, and calendars.

Full Canadian (Square Back) – The partially hidden wire-o is exposed on the front and back cover. Flat spine allows for easy identification.

Catalogue/Publishers – An intriguing one-piece cover style that opens “in reverse”, creating a flat spine for identifi cation.

Cased In – Standard wire-o pasted into a hard case with all the advantages of opening.

Reverse Binding – Allows for an expandable inside cover where a large spread image is important.
The binding is hidden and the spine is flat. Back flap can be pasted down or left free.

Standard Binding – Most common cover style. Separate front and back covers.
Opens easily back – to back.

COVER WITH FLAPS    This type of soft cover has inner folded flaps that fit inside, between book cover and book body. Usually printed with text and illustrations.

COVER WITH DUST JACKET   The dust jacket (sometimes book jacket, dust wrapper or dust cover), is the detachable outer cover, usually made of paper and printed with text and illustrations. This outer cover has folded flaps that hold it to the front and back book covers. In addition to its promotional role, the dust jacket protects the book covers from damage.

 ORIENTATION   PORTRAIT/ALBUM   This is the way in which pages is oriented for normal viewing. The two most common types of orientation are portrait (vertical), and album (horizontal, also named landscape). The specific definition comes from the fact that a close-up portrait of a person’s face and upper body, is more fitting for a photo, where the height of the display area is greater than the width, and is more common for the pages of books. Album or landscape, originally described artistic outdoor scenes where a wide view area is needed. Most monitors have a landscape display, while most documents are printed in portrait mode.